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Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a treatment for kidney failure that uses the lining of the abdomen, called the peritoneum, to filter blood. Unlike hemodialysis, which requires blood to be drawn out of the body for cleaning through a machine, peritoneal dialysis works inside the body. A special fluid, called dialysate, is introduced into the abdominal cavity where it absorbs waste products and excess fluid from the blood before being drained out.
PD allows patients to take more control over their dialysis schedule, whether they choose CAPD or APD. Many patients appreciate the ability to manage their treatment at home without regular visits to a dialysis center.
Since PD works continuously (either during the day or overnight), it more closely mimics the natural function of the kidneys, leading to more consistent waste removal and fluid balance.
Because PD is done more frequently and continuously, it’s less harsh on the body than hemodialysis, leading to fewer fluctuations in fluid and toxin levels. This can reduce side effects like low blood pressure or fatigue.
PD avoids the need for vascular access (e.g., a fistula or graft), which can sometimes lead to complications like infections or clotting.
Preserve kidney function better than hemodialysis.
A patient needs a permanent access point to their bloodstream, usually through a fistula, graft, or catheter. This allows blood to flow into the dialysis machine for cleaning.
A sterile solution containing water, electrolytes, and other substances flows into the peritoneal cavity through the catheter. The peritoneum, which has tiny blood vessels, acts as a natural filter. Waste products and excess fluid from the blood pass through the peritoneum into the dialysate.
The dialysate stays in the abdomen for a set period (typically 4-6 hours), allowing it to absorb waste products from the blood.
After the dwell time, the used dialysate, now filled with waste, is drained out of the body through the catheter and replaced with fresh dialysate. This process is repeated multiple times throughout the day or night.
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Surgically implanted catheter for delivering and draining dialysate.
Sterile fluid with varying glucose concentrations, which helps absorb waste from the blood.
A small machine that automatically performs exchanges during the night for those using automated peritoneal dialysis.
Bags to collect the used dialysate after each exchange.
Includes gloves, masks, and cleaning solutions to ensure that exchanges are done in a clean, sterile environment.
Peritoneal dialysis may be a good option for:
However, it may not be suitable for:
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